Rulers:
• Charles I, King of England (1625-1649)
• Charles I, King of Ireland (1625-1649)
• Charles I, King of Scotland (1625-1649)
• Felipe IV, King of Spain (1621-1665)
• Francesco I d’Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio (1629-1658)
Architecture:
Art:
• Cagnacci, Guido (1601-1663): La Morte di Cleopatra (c.1645-55)
• Guercino (1591-1666): La vergine con san Pietro piangente (1647)
• Guercino (1591-1666): Maddalena penitente (1645-49)
• Hals, Frans (c.1582-1666): Family Group in a Landscape (1645-48)
• Jordaens, Jacob (1593-1678): Diana Resting (c.1640-50)
• Rembrandt (1606-1669): Portrait of Ephraim Bueno (1645-47)
• Rembrandt (1606-1669): The Mill (1645-48)
• Velázquez, Diego (1599-1660): La costurera (c.1640-50)
• Velázquez, Diego (1599-1660): Venus del Espejo (1647-51)
• Zurbarán, Francisco de (1598-1664): S.Jerónimo con S.Paula y S.Eustoquio (1640-50)