Rulers:
• Carlos I, King of Spain (1516-1556)
• Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1519-1558)
• Federico II Gonzaga, 5th Marquis of Mantua (1519-1530)
• François I, King of France (1515-1547)
• Henry VIII, King of England (1509-1547)
• Henry VIII, Lord of Ireland (1509-1542)
Art:
• Michelangelo (1475-1564): Studio di un uomo nudo, in piedi (c.1524)
• Tiziano (c.1488-1576): Baccanale degli Andrii (1523-26)