Rulers:
• Carlos I, King of Spain (1516-1556)
• Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1519-1558)
• Federico II Gonzaga, 1st Duke of Mantua (1530-1540)
• François I, King of France (1515-1547)
• Henry VIII, King of England (1509-1547)
• Henry VIII, Lord of Ireland (1509-1542)
Art:
• Bronzino (1503-1572): Andrea Doria come Nettuno (1531-33)
• Cranach, Lucas the Elder (1472-1553): Frederick the Wise (1530-35)
• Cranach, Lucas the Elder (1472-1553): The Nymph at the Fountain (1530-34)