Rulers:
• Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603)
• Felipe II, King of Spain (1556-1598)
• Felipe II, King of Portugal (1581-1598)
• Francesco I de’ Medici, Duke of Florence (1574-1587)
• Francesco I de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1574-1587)
• Henri III, King of Navarre (1572-1610)
Art:
• El Greco (1541-1614): Cristo abrazado a la cruz (1577-87)
• Tintoretto, Jacopo (1518-1594): Natività (c.1585-94)