Benedictus de Spinoza (1632–1677) Works: • A Theologico-Political Treatise, Part 1 (English) • A Theologico-Political Treatise, Part 2 (English) • A Theologico-Political Treatise, Part 3 (English) • A Theologico-Political Treatise, Part 4 (English) • Ethica (Dutch) • Ethics (English) •…
Van Gogh, Vincent (1853-1890) First Steps, after Millet 1890 Oil on canvas, 72.4 x 91.1 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York In fall and winter 1889–90, while a voluntary patient at the asylum in Saint-Rémy, Van Gogh painted twenty-one copies after…
(1596–1650) Renatus Cartesius Works: • A Discourse of a Method for the Well Guiding of Reason and the Discovery of Truth in the Sciences (English) • Betrachtungen über die Grundlagen der Philosophie (German) • Discours de la méthode (French) •…
Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640) Self-Portrait 1623 Oil on panel, 85.7 x 62.2 x 0.5 cm Royal Collection, Buckingham Palace, London This painting seems to have been something of a face-saver. In 1621 Rubens supplied Lord Danvers with a Lion Hunt (now lost),…
Rembrandt (1606-1669) Large Self-Portrait 1652 Oil on canvas, 112 × 81.5 cm Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna The self-portrait is of particular importance in Rembrandt‘s work. In total, the artist created over sixty painted self-portraits, which document not only his personal circumstances but…
Van Eyck, Jan (c.1390-1441) Cardinal Niccolò Albergati? c.1438 Oil on oak, 34 × 29.5 cm Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna During a peace congress in Arras in 1435, van Eyck made a silverpoint drawing (Dresden), in which he not only recorded the physiognomy…
Brueghel, Jan the Elder (1568-1625) Large bouquet of flowers in a wooden vessel c.1606–1607 Oil on oak, 97.5 × 73 cm Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna From 1600 on, painting flowers developed into a separate category of still life. Jan Brueghel is one…
Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640) Old Woman and Boy with Candles c.1616–1617 Oil on panel, 62.5 x 77 cm Mauritshuis, The Hague
Rembrandt (1606-1669) La Petite Tombe (Jesus Christ Preaching) c.1652 Etching and drypoint, 15.56 x 20.64 cm Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo
